Chapter 12 Questions

Topics
1. Attitudes are predictive of behavior because attitudes may lead people to do or not do something. If you have a good attitude about something you are more likely to perform that action or behavior.
2. Implicit attitudes are ones that influence feelings and behaviors unconciously. While Explicit attitudes are ones you know about and can report to other or recall.
3. cognative dissonance is invloved in changing attitudes. It is an uncomfortable mental state due to conflict between attitudes or attitudes and behaviors, an inconsistancy between attitudes and behaviors.
4. Personal attributions is attributing an action a person takes to how that person is, personality, traits of that person. This leads to taking more impression of the person.
5. Jigsaw Classroom is a way of breaking up the work and responsabilities. In this situation you would make different people responsible for different parts of an assignment in class. Then you would ask them to come together and teach eacher other what they found. 
Questions
1. Attitudes are evalutions of objects, events, and ideas. Feeling, opinions and beliefs about something. One source of  attitudes is familiarity, how well we know something or someone. The more familiar we are the higher the positive attitude towards it. Having more exposure to it. Another source would be classical conditioning, responding to something more favorably by association. For example one may be more likely to buy a product if indorsed by a celebrity, someone famous they recognize. Then there is operant conditioning, having positive feelings towards things that lead to a reward. For example one may have a positive attitude about raking leaves if they know they will get paid when done. Last there is socialization, what we feel because of others. We may be influenced by friends or family which lead us to have a certain attitude about something because they do.
2. Attitudes can be changed by cognitive dissonance. Experiencing tension because of inconsistancy between attitudes and behaviors. This can lead to one changing their attitude to agree with their behavior. So by getting someone to behave counter attituively can cause them to change their attitude to agree. Persuasion can also be a method of changing someones attitude. Getting someone to do something that is inconsistant or contradictory in the direction of which we want them to move their attitude will cause them to shift their attitude to agree with their behavior. For example people who say smoking is bad, but they smoke can cause them to change their attitude about smoking, maybe saying that smoking isn't really bad so that agrees with their behavior which would be smoking.
3. Attributions are an explanation about someones behavior. They are what we believe causes peoples behaviors and our impressions of them. There are two types personal attribuitons and situational attributions. Personal attributions would be attributing actions a person takes to their personality or traits, how that person is. This leads attributing our impression of the person to the person them selves. For example know a person is really emotional  and they cry through a movie we may attribute that impression to the fact that we know the person has an emotional personality. Situational attributions are actions a person takes due to the environment or external event. We attribute our impression of the person to the environment around them. For example a child acting up and crying on a hot summer day. We may say the child was upset because of the heat.
4. Stereotypes are what we think about other people based on their groups. Stereotypes can be self-fullfilling in the sense that when people think others beleive something about them they tend to take on those expectations. For example if a teacher thinks a student is very bright and intelligent, that student may tend to work harder in class and do better to live up to those expectations.
5.Stereotypes can be changed through cooperation. Getting different stereotypes to come together and work on a common task.  Finding shared superordinate goals between them. One way researchers have found to acomplish this is the Jigsaw classroom making different people take on different tasks on a subject or problem then forcing them in sorts to come together and teach each other what they found, interact with each other.