Topics
1. Attitudes are predictive of behavior because attitudes may lead people to do or not do something. If you have a good attitude about something you are more likely to perform that action or behavior.
2. Implicit attitudes are ones that influence feelings and behaviors unconciously. While Explicit attitudes are ones you know about and can report to other or recall.
3. cognative dissonance is invloved in changing attitudes. It is an uncomfortable mental state due to conflict between attitudes or attitudes and behaviors, an inconsistancy between attitudes and behaviors.
4. Personal attributions is attributing an action a person takes to how that person is, personality, traits of that person. This leads to taking more impression of the person.
5. Jigsaw Classroom is a way of breaking up the work and responsabilities. In this situation you would make different people responsible for different parts of an assignment in class. Then you would ask them to come together and teach eacher other what they found.
Questions
1. Attitudes are evalutions of objects, events, and ideas. Feeling, opinions and beliefs about something. One source of attitudes is familiarity, how well we know something or someone. The more familiar we are the higher the positive attitude towards it. Having more exposure to it. Another source would be classical conditioning, responding to something more favorably by association. For example one may be more likely to buy a product if indorsed by a celebrity, someone famous they recognize. Then there is operant conditioning, having positive feelings towards things that lead to a reward. For example one may have a positive attitude about raking leaves if they know they will get paid when done. Last there is socialization, what we feel because of others. We may be influenced by friends or family which lead us to have a certain attitude about something because they do.
2. Attitudes can be changed by cognitive dissonance. Experiencing tension because of inconsistancy between attitudes and behaviors. This can lead to one changing their attitude to agree with their behavior. So by getting someone to behave counter attituively can cause them to change their attitude to agree. Persuasion can also be a method of changing someones attitude. Getting someone to do something that is inconsistant or contradictory in the direction of which we want them to move their attitude will cause them to shift their attitude to agree with their behavior. For example people who say smoking is bad, but they smoke can cause them to change their attitude about smoking, maybe saying that smoking isn't really bad so that agrees with their behavior which would be smoking.
3. Attributions are an explanation about someones behavior. They are what we believe causes peoples behaviors and our impressions of them. There are two types personal attribuitons and situational attributions. Personal attributions would be attributing actions a person takes to their personality or traits, how that person is. This leads attributing our impression of the person to the person them selves. For example know a person is really emotional and they cry through a movie we may attribute that impression to the fact that we know the person has an emotional personality. Situational attributions are actions a person takes due to the environment or external event. We attribute our impression of the person to the environment around them. For example a child acting up and crying on a hot summer day. We may say the child was upset because of the heat.
4. Stereotypes are what we think about other people based on their groups. Stereotypes can be self-fullfilling in the sense that when people think others beleive something about them they tend to take on those expectations. For example if a teacher thinks a student is very bright and intelligent, that student may tend to work harder in class and do better to live up to those expectations.
5.Stereotypes can be changed through cooperation. Getting different stereotypes to come together and work on a common task. Finding shared superordinate goals between them. One way researchers have found to acomplish this is the Jigsaw classroom making different people take on different tasks on a subject or problem then forcing them in sorts to come together and teach each other what they found, interact with each other.
Sunday, November 21, 2010
Chapter 9 Questions
Topics
1. Negative feedback effect is one that terminates what started it. In motivation it would be forexample being over weight so that would modivate you to excersise and lose the weight.
2. Yerkes Dosdon Law states that aroudal increases performance to an optimal point. Optimum is found in between point of arousal. For example to low of motivation is not good and to high is not good finding just the right amount of motivation makes an up an optimum. Not everyones is the same.
3. We can set goal that we can attain by breaking down larger goals in to a series of smaller ones. We can use self-regulation by changing or altering our behaviors to attain a goal.
4. Flavor variety motivates eating by creating more options for us to choose from. The more options we have the more we tend to eat. For example a buffet line would lead to consuming more food because of all the different choices available.
5. There are four major hormones involved in arousal, testosterone, estrogen, progestrone, and oxytocin. Testosterone is found mainly in the male testes, estrogen and progestrone is found in the female ovaries and oxytocin is in the pituitary. Testosterone and oxytocin are more involved in sexual arousal.
Questions
1. Motivation is what gets people to do things, draws them into ation. Needs comes into play with motivation for example at the biological level. If a person is thirsty they need something to drink therefore they will be motivation to get something to drink to satify that need. There are other levels of motivation, for example social level. The need to be with other people or around other people, socailizing. Needs tend to lead to some actinon that encuorages the behavior that satisfys the need. Needs lead to a drive, what encourages the behavior that satisfys the need.
2.Intrinsic motivation is what we do for self satisfaction or pleasure. Doing something for its own sake. Extinsic motivation is what we do in order to get something else a reward of sorts. For example playing a game that you like would be intrinsic motivation. While going to work would be extrinsic motivation because you may not necessarly like to go to work but you do it for the money.
3. Two major roles of emotion would be feelings and cognitive beliefs. Things that we experience and how we feel about them would be involved with emotions. How or what we think about a person or experience would also involve emotion. What we experience can cause us to have a positive or negative emotion or both.
4. There are four major types of emotion that people feel. They may feel arousal, non arousal, positive or negative emotions. Arousal would be emotions that motivate you to do something. Non arousal emotions would be the opisite, they would lead you to not be motivated. Then there is positive emotions ones that make you feel good or happy. Opisite of that would be negative emotions, ones that make you feel sad or bad.
5. Emotion plays a role in the amygdala. The amygdala is where the emotion processing occurs. It is what generates imediate emotional and behavioral reactions to a stimuli. The prefrontal cortex also plays a role in emotion. The left prefrontal cortex deals with more positive emotions while the right deal with more negative emotions.
1. Negative feedback effect is one that terminates what started it. In motivation it would be forexample being over weight so that would modivate you to excersise and lose the weight.
2. Yerkes Dosdon Law states that aroudal increases performance to an optimal point. Optimum is found in between point of arousal. For example to low of motivation is not good and to high is not good finding just the right amount of motivation makes an up an optimum. Not everyones is the same.
3. We can set goal that we can attain by breaking down larger goals in to a series of smaller ones. We can use self-regulation by changing or altering our behaviors to attain a goal.
4. Flavor variety motivates eating by creating more options for us to choose from. The more options we have the more we tend to eat. For example a buffet line would lead to consuming more food because of all the different choices available.
5. There are four major hormones involved in arousal, testosterone, estrogen, progestrone, and oxytocin. Testosterone is found mainly in the male testes, estrogen and progestrone is found in the female ovaries and oxytocin is in the pituitary. Testosterone and oxytocin are more involved in sexual arousal.
Questions
1. Motivation is what gets people to do things, draws them into ation. Needs comes into play with motivation for example at the biological level. If a person is thirsty they need something to drink therefore they will be motivation to get something to drink to satify that need. There are other levels of motivation, for example social level. The need to be with other people or around other people, socailizing. Needs tend to lead to some actinon that encuorages the behavior that satisfys the need. Needs lead to a drive, what encourages the behavior that satisfys the need.
2.Intrinsic motivation is what we do for self satisfaction or pleasure. Doing something for its own sake. Extinsic motivation is what we do in order to get something else a reward of sorts. For example playing a game that you like would be intrinsic motivation. While going to work would be extrinsic motivation because you may not necessarly like to go to work but you do it for the money.
3. Two major roles of emotion would be feelings and cognitive beliefs. Things that we experience and how we feel about them would be involved with emotions. How or what we think about a person or experience would also involve emotion. What we experience can cause us to have a positive or negative emotion or both.
4. There are four major types of emotion that people feel. They may feel arousal, non arousal, positive or negative emotions. Arousal would be emotions that motivate you to do something. Non arousal emotions would be the opisite, they would lead you to not be motivated. Then there is positive emotions ones that make you feel good or happy. Opisite of that would be negative emotions, ones that make you feel sad or bad.
5. Emotion plays a role in the amygdala. The amygdala is where the emotion processing occurs. It is what generates imediate emotional and behavioral reactions to a stimuli. The prefrontal cortex also plays a role in emotion. The left prefrontal cortex deals with more positive emotions while the right deal with more negative emotions.
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Chapter 8 Questions
Topics
1. Phototype model is the "best example" for a category. Some example fit better than others.
2. People use scripts in thinking about other people. For example we form a schema or sequence of events that reminds of those people.
3. Decision making is choosing among alternatives. While problem solving is over coming obstacles to get to reach a goal.
4. We do forecasting by thinking how we would feel before an action or event. Making guesses about how we would feel. Our emotions.
5. Validity is the actual value of something. While reliability is how reliable something or someone is.
Question
1. Representations are used in thoughts as a heuristic, we base decisions on the extent to which option reflects what we already believe about the situation or person. There are two types of representations Symbolic and analogical. A symbolic representation is abstract it has no relation to physical objects. For example the word dog would be a symbolic representation of the animal. Analogical representations have characteristics of the actual object. For example a picture of a dog would be an analogical representation.
2.Expected utility theory is the normative model about decision making, how humans should do it. The basic idea is that one should first identify the options. Second, rank from most desirable to least desirable. Third, chose the most desirable. This theory shows how people tend to use heuristics instead. People are too "lazy" or want to make life easier therefore rely on heuristics or cues, bits of information to make a decision. People rely on their previous notions about their options to make there decision. Using the expected utility theory takes to much time and work.
3. Goals are involved in problem solving because people make goal but to reach those goals they must conquer obstacles first. So to conquer those obstacles they problem solve. They find solutions to the obstacles that are keeping them from reaching their goals.
4. The three major approaches to understanding intelligence are psychometric, cognitive, biological. Over the past researchers have found that intelligence scores relate closely to working memory.
5. There are three major types of intelligence, general, fluid and crystalized. General intelligence is the generalized factor behind mental abilities. Fluid intelligence is information processing complex circumstances. And crystalized intelligence is knowledge acquired and the ability of using that knowledge.
1. Phototype model is the "best example" for a category. Some example fit better than others.
2. People use scripts in thinking about other people. For example we form a schema or sequence of events that reminds of those people.
3. Decision making is choosing among alternatives. While problem solving is over coming obstacles to get to reach a goal.
4. We do forecasting by thinking how we would feel before an action or event. Making guesses about how we would feel. Our emotions.
5. Validity is the actual value of something. While reliability is how reliable something or someone is.
Question
1. Representations are used in thoughts as a heuristic, we base decisions on the extent to which option reflects what we already believe about the situation or person. There are two types of representations Symbolic and analogical. A symbolic representation is abstract it has no relation to physical objects. For example the word dog would be a symbolic representation of the animal. Analogical representations have characteristics of the actual object. For example a picture of a dog would be an analogical representation.
2.Expected utility theory is the normative model about decision making, how humans should do it. The basic idea is that one should first identify the options. Second, rank from most desirable to least desirable. Third, chose the most desirable. This theory shows how people tend to use heuristics instead. People are too "lazy" or want to make life easier therefore rely on heuristics or cues, bits of information to make a decision. People rely on their previous notions about their options to make there decision. Using the expected utility theory takes to much time and work.
3. Goals are involved in problem solving because people make goal but to reach those goals they must conquer obstacles first. So to conquer those obstacles they problem solve. They find solutions to the obstacles that are keeping them from reaching their goals.
4. The three major approaches to understanding intelligence are psychometric, cognitive, biological. Over the past researchers have found that intelligence scores relate closely to working memory.
5. There are three major types of intelligence, general, fluid and crystalized. General intelligence is the generalized factor behind mental abilities. Fluid intelligence is information processing complex circumstances. And crystalized intelligence is knowledge acquired and the ability of using that knowledge.
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Chapter 7 Questions
Topics:
1. Partial report is the requirement to recall only part not all of what is seen. Partial report shows the fading of the visual sensory memory by not being able to recall any visual at all.
2. The serial position effect is recalling items from the beginning and the end of a list. It has two different effects, the primary effect referring to the better memory of items at the beginning. The recency effect is the better memory for the most recent items or items at the end.
3.
4. One mnemonic strategy is practice, repeating the action until it is easier to perform. Another mnemonic strategy is to get adequate sleep, a good night's rest.
5. Two causes of false memories are unrelated brain areas being activated and size of difference in neural activity.
Questions:
1. Working memory is the system that allows us to process information, the part of what is in mind that one is thinking about at any given moment. It is used by holding our thoughts in mind while doing something with them. Its limitations are that it is only a temporary store.
2. Forms of long-term memory are, explicit memory-the process involved when people remember specific information, implicit memory-the system underlying unconscious memories, declarative memory-the cognitive information retrieved from explicit memory, semantic memory-the memory for knowledge about the world.
3. Procedural memory indicates that long-term memory is organized according to meaning because this involves motor skills, habit and other behaviors employed to achieve a goal.
4. We retrieve information from long-term memory by recalling information and moving it from long-term into working memory
5. Henry Molaison losing his declarative memory after suffering damage to the medial temporal lobe including the hypocampus indicates that the MTL and hypocampus play an important role in declarative memory. Henry Molaison could no longer make long-term memories or remember new experiences.
1. Partial report is the requirement to recall only part not all of what is seen. Partial report shows the fading of the visual sensory memory by not being able to recall any visual at all.
2. The serial position effect is recalling items from the beginning and the end of a list. It has two different effects, the primary effect referring to the better memory of items at the beginning. The recency effect is the better memory for the most recent items or items at the end.
3.
4. One mnemonic strategy is practice, repeating the action until it is easier to perform. Another mnemonic strategy is to get adequate sleep, a good night's rest.
5. Two causes of false memories are unrelated brain areas being activated and size of difference in neural activity.
Questions:
1. Working memory is the system that allows us to process information, the part of what is in mind that one is thinking about at any given moment. It is used by holding our thoughts in mind while doing something with them. Its limitations are that it is only a temporary store.
2. Forms of long-term memory are, explicit memory-the process involved when people remember specific information, implicit memory-the system underlying unconscious memories, declarative memory-the cognitive information retrieved from explicit memory, semantic memory-the memory for knowledge about the world.
3. Procedural memory indicates that long-term memory is organized according to meaning because this involves motor skills, habit and other behaviors employed to achieve a goal.
4. We retrieve information from long-term memory by recalling information and moving it from long-term into working memory
5. Henry Molaison losing his declarative memory after suffering damage to the medial temporal lobe including the hypocampus indicates that the MTL and hypocampus play an important role in declarative memory. Henry Molaison could no longer make long-term memories or remember new experiences.
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Chapter 6 Questions
Topic:
1. Evidence that extinction does not eliminate an association is presented by Pavlov's experiment where the bell (CS) leads to the dog salivating (CR) even if the (US) food is no longer given. The dog still associates the ringing of the bell with food.
2. Drug administration is a classical conditioning trial because for example coffee drinkers may begin to feel activated and aroused, after smelling coffee which would be the conditioned stimulus. As well as drug addicts, for example heroin addicts can reduce their craving by simply seeing a needle and the feeling they get form inserting it into the skin, once again this would become the conditioned stimulus.
3. Edward L. Thorndike was a graduate student that was influenced by Darwin. He studied the idea of operant conditioning, creating the puzzle box to assess learning in animals.
4. Reinforcement and shaping are ways of getting an animal to display a behavior that it does not show on its own. For example skinner in his skinner box experiment rewarded the rat with food every time it pushed the lever. Shaping would involve rewarding for anything that resembles the desired behavior, this method allow for gradually reaching desired behavior by teaching the animal to distinguish which behavior is being reinforced.
5. Positive reinforcement increased the probability of the desired behavior to repeat by giving a reward in response to the correct behavior. While negative reinforcement involves the increasing of desired behavior through the removal of a unpleasant stimulus.
Questions:
1. Classical conditioning produces brain changes in drug addicted people by activating prefrontal cortex and various regions of the limbic system involved in the experience of reward. For example when one sees or smells food when hungry they anticipate the enjoying it. In the same way a drug addict activates these same receptor causing them to experience expectation of the high that will occur, after seeing drug cues.
2. Conditioned food aversions are the association of illness with food which can lead to high intolerance of the food. This association can be made even if the illness was not due to the food or if the illness occurs hours after the food was consumed. The sequence of events is key, the illness fallowing the smell or taste of the food.
3. CS provides information about when the US will occur. When the US is presented after the CS. The animal or person makes a prediction that the US will always fallow the CS. So then when the CS is presented the next time, the participant automatically expects the US because the US triggers association.
4. FI is a fixed interval a schedule in which the reinforcement is constantly provided upon each occurrence. The reward for the behavior is received only at a FI after the last reward occurred. FR is a fixed ratio. For every occurrence at of behavior at a fixed ratio a reward is received. VR is a variable ratio a schedule in which the reinforcement is received based on the number of times the behavior occurs. VI is a variable interval a schedule in which the reinforcement is received at random times after the behavior occurs.
5. Cognitive maps are visual/spatial mental representation of an environment. Edward Tolman conducted an experiment in which the results implied that rats learned cognitive maps. He had three groups of rats go through a maze with the goal of finding the "goal box". Group one is put through the maze with no reinforcement reward in the "goal box" at all. The second group is put through the maze with a reinforcement reward every time. The third group is put through the maze with a reinforcement reward only after the first ten trails. The fact that the rats in the third group showed a fast learning curve and immediately caught up to the second group, that always received a reward, after the first ten trials implies that the rats learned the cognitive map of the maze and used it when the reward was present.
1. Evidence that extinction does not eliminate an association is presented by Pavlov's experiment where the bell (CS) leads to the dog salivating (CR) even if the (US) food is no longer given. The dog still associates the ringing of the bell with food.
2. Drug administration is a classical conditioning trial because for example coffee drinkers may begin to feel activated and aroused, after smelling coffee which would be the conditioned stimulus. As well as drug addicts, for example heroin addicts can reduce their craving by simply seeing a needle and the feeling they get form inserting it into the skin, once again this would become the conditioned stimulus.
3. Edward L. Thorndike was a graduate student that was influenced by Darwin. He studied the idea of operant conditioning, creating the puzzle box to assess learning in animals.
4. Reinforcement and shaping are ways of getting an animal to display a behavior that it does not show on its own. For example skinner in his skinner box experiment rewarded the rat with food every time it pushed the lever. Shaping would involve rewarding for anything that resembles the desired behavior, this method allow for gradually reaching desired behavior by teaching the animal to distinguish which behavior is being reinforced.
5. Positive reinforcement increased the probability of the desired behavior to repeat by giving a reward in response to the correct behavior. While negative reinforcement involves the increasing of desired behavior through the removal of a unpleasant stimulus.
Questions:
1. Classical conditioning produces brain changes in drug addicted people by activating prefrontal cortex and various regions of the limbic system involved in the experience of reward. For example when one sees or smells food when hungry they anticipate the enjoying it. In the same way a drug addict activates these same receptor causing them to experience expectation of the high that will occur, after seeing drug cues.
2. Conditioned food aversions are the association of illness with food which can lead to high intolerance of the food. This association can be made even if the illness was not due to the food or if the illness occurs hours after the food was consumed. The sequence of events is key, the illness fallowing the smell or taste of the food.
3. CS provides information about when the US will occur. When the US is presented after the CS. The animal or person makes a prediction that the US will always fallow the CS. So then when the CS is presented the next time, the participant automatically expects the US because the US triggers association.
4. FI is a fixed interval a schedule in which the reinforcement is constantly provided upon each occurrence. The reward for the behavior is received only at a FI after the last reward occurred. FR is a fixed ratio. For every occurrence at of behavior at a fixed ratio a reward is received. VR is a variable ratio a schedule in which the reinforcement is received based on the number of times the behavior occurs. VI is a variable interval a schedule in which the reinforcement is received at random times after the behavior occurs.
5. Cognitive maps are visual/spatial mental representation of an environment. Edward Tolman conducted an experiment in which the results implied that rats learned cognitive maps. He had three groups of rats go through a maze with the goal of finding the "goal box". Group one is put through the maze with no reinforcement reward in the "goal box" at all. The second group is put through the maze with a reinforcement reward every time. The third group is put through the maze with a reinforcement reward only after the first ten trails. The fact that the rats in the third group showed a fast learning curve and immediately caught up to the second group, that always received a reward, after the first ten trials implies that the rats learned the cognitive map of the maze and used it when the reward was present.
Wednesday, October 6, 2010
Chapter 5 Questions
Topics:
1. The process of transduction consists of the brian taking the surrounding environment and interpreting it. The sensory receptors producing a neural impulse when it receives physical or chemical stimulation.
2. Threshold is how much you need in order to get a response. Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulus that must happen before experiencing a sensation. Difference in threshold is the minimum change in volume in order to detect the difference.
3. The receptors for sound are in the Basilar membrane of the cochlea. By the vibration of sound waves in this membrane hairs on the cells bend activating receptors for sound.
4. The three psychological dimensions for color are Hue, Brightness, and saturation. Hue depends on light's dominant wavelength, brightness is the colors intensity, and saturation is the colors purity.
5. Oposite color is the sensitivity to difference. Our visual system exaggerates contrast and makes boundaries more prominent.
Question:
1. Hits is being correct, saying yes when the stimulus is present. False alarm is being incorrect, saying yes when no stimulus is present. Participants can have response bias, for example if they have a tendency to say yes the hit and false alarm both go up. The researchers then graph this and the farther they are away from being equal the higher the sensitivity to the signal.
2. Light is transformed into neural signals in the outer segment of the Rods and Cones. First light hits the retina and then travels to the Rods and Cones. Then i reaches the ganglion cells which collectively their axons create the optic nerve which carries the action potential to the thalamus which in turn send the signal down to the left and right visual cortex.
3. Color is a human observer property. Color depends on three underlined components cones sensitivity to light, wavelength and differences in light. Shorter wave lengths appear blue to violet, medium length waves appear yellows to greens and longer waves appear reds to oranges. There are three different cones . Each cone has the receptors for either short, medium, or long wave lengths.
4. The fact that we can see two objects of the same length appear to be different hight indicates that our ability to perceive the identity of an object is somewhat separate from our perception of the location. You perceive images in your temporal lobe and you locate them in the Parietal lobe. For example people who suffer from damage to the temporal lobe suffer from Agnosia, they can look at an object and not know what it is but they do know where it is.
5. We are able to perceive objects in three dimensional by our depth perception. The closer the object is the higher the difference the better detection of the object. We have binocular disparity that is greatest for objects that are near and gets smaller for objects that are farther away.
1. The process of transduction consists of the brian taking the surrounding environment and interpreting it. The sensory receptors producing a neural impulse when it receives physical or chemical stimulation.
2. Threshold is how much you need in order to get a response. Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulus that must happen before experiencing a sensation. Difference in threshold is the minimum change in volume in order to detect the difference.
3. The receptors for sound are in the Basilar membrane of the cochlea. By the vibration of sound waves in this membrane hairs on the cells bend activating receptors for sound.
4. The three psychological dimensions for color are Hue, Brightness, and saturation. Hue depends on light's dominant wavelength, brightness is the colors intensity, and saturation is the colors purity.
5. Oposite color is the sensitivity to difference. Our visual system exaggerates contrast and makes boundaries more prominent.
Question:
1. Hits is being correct, saying yes when the stimulus is present. False alarm is being incorrect, saying yes when no stimulus is present. Participants can have response bias, for example if they have a tendency to say yes the hit and false alarm both go up. The researchers then graph this and the farther they are away from being equal the higher the sensitivity to the signal.
2. Light is transformed into neural signals in the outer segment of the Rods and Cones. First light hits the retina and then travels to the Rods and Cones. Then i reaches the ganglion cells which collectively their axons create the optic nerve which carries the action potential to the thalamus which in turn send the signal down to the left and right visual cortex.
3. Color is a human observer property. Color depends on three underlined components cones sensitivity to light, wavelength and differences in light. Shorter wave lengths appear blue to violet, medium length waves appear yellows to greens and longer waves appear reds to oranges. There are three different cones . Each cone has the receptors for either short, medium, or long wave lengths.
4. The fact that we can see two objects of the same length appear to be different hight indicates that our ability to perceive the identity of an object is somewhat separate from our perception of the location. You perceive images in your temporal lobe and you locate them in the Parietal lobe. For example people who suffer from damage to the temporal lobe suffer from Agnosia, they can look at an object and not know what it is but they do know where it is.
5. We are able to perceive objects in three dimensional by our depth perception. The closer the object is the higher the difference the better detection of the object. We have binocular disparity that is greatest for objects that are near and gets smaller for objects that are farther away.
Monday, September 27, 2010
Chapter 3 Questions
Topic:
1. The difference between genotype and phenotype is that genotype it the genetic factor. While phenotype is the structural appearance.
2. Motor neurons direct muscles to contract or relax. Sensory neurons detect information the physical world around us to the brain. interneurons communicate information within a single area of the brain versus from the brain to the rest of the body.
3. dopamine is a derivative from protein. It communicates pleasure, motivation and motor control.
4. The amygdala is a brain structure located in the front of the hippocampus. Its main function is to associate things with emotion.
5. Learning may be represented in the brain by the neurons. connections between neurons may become stronger or new neuron connections may be created.
Questions:
1. Monozygotic twins are twins that are born from one zygote splitting into to two. Therefore both would share the exact same genes. Dizygote twins are born from two separate eggs that become fertilized. Thus each zygote has its own genes. We can compare each ones similarities to determine if behavior is partly caused by genetics. For example if monozygotic twins are more similar than dizygotic twins it would imply that genetics has an influence on psychology.
2. The difference between axons and dendrites is that the axon is what carries the action potential. While the dendrites are the media that passes the stimulation on to the next neuron at the synapse. The axon is the stimuli carrier and the dendrites are transporter of the stimuli from one neuron to the next and receive the stimuli as well.
3. The resting potential is when the neuron is not active and the electrical charge inside the neuron is slightly more negative than the charge on the outside of the neuron. It is said to be polarized. An action potential also known as the neural firing is the chemical signal that passes along the axon when the neuron is active, and caused the release of chemicals that transmit the signal to other neurons.
4. Neurotransmitters allow one neuron to communicate with another by being released across the synaptic cleft and opening ion channels into another neuron and creating another action potential.
5. The four lobes that form the brain are the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. The frontal lobe processes thoughts and movements, the parietal lobe processes the sense of touch, the temporal lobe processes hearing and memory, and the occipital lobe processes vision.
1. The difference between genotype and phenotype is that genotype it the genetic factor. While phenotype is the structural appearance.
2. Motor neurons direct muscles to contract or relax. Sensory neurons detect information the physical world around us to the brain. interneurons communicate information within a single area of the brain versus from the brain to the rest of the body.
3. dopamine is a derivative from protein. It communicates pleasure, motivation and motor control.
4. The amygdala is a brain structure located in the front of the hippocampus. Its main function is to associate things with emotion.
5. Learning may be represented in the brain by the neurons. connections between neurons may become stronger or new neuron connections may be created.
Questions:
1. Monozygotic twins are twins that are born from one zygote splitting into to two. Therefore both would share the exact same genes. Dizygote twins are born from two separate eggs that become fertilized. Thus each zygote has its own genes. We can compare each ones similarities to determine if behavior is partly caused by genetics. For example if monozygotic twins are more similar than dizygotic twins it would imply that genetics has an influence on psychology.
2. The difference between axons and dendrites is that the axon is what carries the action potential. While the dendrites are the media that passes the stimulation on to the next neuron at the synapse. The axon is the stimuli carrier and the dendrites are transporter of the stimuli from one neuron to the next and receive the stimuli as well.
3. The resting potential is when the neuron is not active and the electrical charge inside the neuron is slightly more negative than the charge on the outside of the neuron. It is said to be polarized. An action potential also known as the neural firing is the chemical signal that passes along the axon when the neuron is active, and caused the release of chemicals that transmit the signal to other neurons.
4. Neurotransmitters allow one neuron to communicate with another by being released across the synaptic cleft and opening ion channels into another neuron and creating another action potential.
5. The four lobes that form the brain are the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. The frontal lobe processes thoughts and movements, the parietal lobe processes the sense of touch, the temporal lobe processes hearing and memory, and the occipital lobe processes vision.
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